CNC Machine 2D Plotter
Document content
o
Abstract
o
Introduction
o
History
o
System Features
o
System Architecture
o
Mechanical subsystem
o
Electronic subsystem
o
Software subsystem
o
Terminal App
o
Interpreter
o
Timer
o
Geometry Kernel
o
Motor Library
o
Testing and Deployment
Abstract
CNC Machine 2D Plotter (AVR C, C#):
o Aims to automate Plotter to produce images
by moving a pen held by structure that can move the pen in two orthogonal
directions the plotter can raise and lower the pen as required to create the
desired image.
o
This is done using Ardiuno, Stepper
Motor and Geometric Algorithm
such as bresenham's line drawing algorithm and midpoint
circle drawing the system was tested
and simulated under proteus
Introduction
Computer numerical control (CNC) machines are automated
milling machines that make industrial components without human assistance. This
is possible because CNC machines are fed a series of instructions that are
delivered to an internal computer controller. These instructions are in the
form of codes that belong to the numerical control programming language.The
code used to program CNC machines is generically called G-code. However, G-code instructions
are only part of the programming language. Specifically, G-codes give CNC
machines the coordinates.
History
History
The first commercial NC machines were built
in the 1950's, and ran from punched tape.
CNC, and later CNC, allowed for tremendous
increases in productivity for machine tools because the machines could be run
automatically without requiring constant attention from their operator.
System Features
• Modes of control:
-Calibration
Mode (CL) Manual Mode controls the position of the
plotter X,Y,Z
-Load Mode (LD) Stores a program written
with language similar to G-code and execute it using START instruction this
mode has a restriction that the size of program must not exceed 20 instruction.
-Execution Mode (EXE) communication
protocol
happened through serial UART. the micro-controller sends an acknowledge
with
the state of program and the ID of the next instruction should be
executed and wait for the PC to send it. Using this mode allow us to
write a program larger than 20 instructions
as the whole program will be saved on the Computer memory
The following table describes the control commands with its specification
Command
|
Description
|
CL
|
Manual Mode using W,S,A,D,Q,Z buttons on the
keyboard
|
LD
|
Load Program
on the micro-controller RAM
|
START
|
Execute the program stored on the RAM of
micro-controller
|
EXE
|
Read G_Line from
serial and executed it immediately and
acknowledge the next instruction
and state of the program
|
RESET
|
Reset
the machine to the initial X_co,Y_co_Z_co coordinates
|
SETBX
|
Set border of our board on X-axis
|
SETBY
|
Set
border of our board on Y-axis
|
SETBZ
|
Set border of
our board on Z-axis
|
§ Language specification XG-code
Array of lines responsible for telling the
machine what to do Arithmetic/decision/moving plotter instructions we don't implement the standard of G-code so we call it XG-code
Command | Description |
G00 | Rapid speed positioning X,Y,Z Vector. |
G01 | linear interpolation between 2 points Bresenham line drawing. |
G02 | Clockwise circle using Bresenham circle |
G03 | ANTI-Clockwise circle using Bresenham circle |
ADD | ADD
operand [2] and operand [3] then put result set on Operand [1]. |
MUL | MUL operand [2] and operand [3] then put result on Operand [1]. |
JEQ | Jump if flag is set. |
JNE | Jump if flag is reset. |
CMP | Compare
operand [1] and operand [2] and set Equal flag. |
EOP | End of
program. |
CNC 2D Plotter DEMO
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